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There are a lot of different terms used today in the tire industry.
All-Season Tires with Mud and Snow Designation
If a tire has MS, M+S, M/S or M&S on it, then it meets the Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA) guidelines for a mud and snow tire. For a tire to receive the Mud & Snow designation, it must meet these geometric requirements :
- New tire treads shall have multiple pockets or slots in at least one tread edge that meet the following dimensional requirements based on mold dimensions :
- Extend toward the tread center at least 1/2 inch from the footprint edge, measured perpendicularly to the tread centerline.
- A minimum cross-sectional width of 1/16 inch.
- Edges of pockets or slots at angles between 35 and 90 degrees from the direction of travel.
- The new tire tread contact surface void area will be a minimum of 25% based on mold dimensions.
The rough translation of this specification is that the tire must have a row of fairly big grooves that start at the edge of the tread and extend toward the center of the tire. Also, at least 25% of the surface area must be grooves.
The idea is to give the tread pattern enough void space so that it can bite through the snow and get traction.
Hydroplaning
 Hydroplaning can occur when the car drives through puddles of standing water. If the water cannot squirt out from under the tire quickly enough, the tire will lift off the ground and be supported by only the water. Because the affected tire will have almost no traction, cars can easily go out of control when hydroplaning.
Some tires are designed to help reduce the possibility of hydroplaning. These tires have deep grooves running in the same direction as the tread, giving the water an extra channel to escape from under the tire.
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